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The Union of Youth
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A
society existed in St.Petersburg – Petrograd (1910-1917) and
consolidated of the artists (Cubist, Cesanist, Futurist, Non-objectivist
and others), the writers and the theatre actors. The following artists
took part in the Union: Yuri Annenkov, Lev Bruni, Varvara Bubnova,
David Burliuk, Vladimir Burliuk, Valentin Bystrenin, Marc Chagall,
Alexandra Exter, Pavel Filonov, Alexey Grishchenko, Ivan Kliun, Nadezhda
Lermontova, Kazimir Malevich, Waldemars Matvejs, Piotr Miturich, Alexey
Morgunov, Ivan Puni, Olga Rozanova, Alexandr Shevchenko, Iosif Shkolnik,
Eduard Spandikov, Vladimir Tatlin, Nikolai Tyrsa, Nadezhda Udaltzova,
Sviatoslav Voinov, and Levkii Zheverzheyev (as chairman).
The
first exhibition was held in 1910 in St.Petersburg. In the “Union
of Youth” exhibitions the members of the “Jack of
Diamonds” and of the “Donkey’s Tail” groups
participated also.
The
“Union of Youth” focused a great deal of attention in
their creative work on developing the formal basics of painting. In her
article “The Basics of New Creativity and Causes of Its
Incomprehension” Olga Rosanova wrote: ”only the modern Art has
fully proposed the seriousness of such principles as dynamism,
dimensionality and balance, heaviness and weightlessness, linear and
planar displacement, the rhythm as a natural phenomenon of space division,
layout, planar and surface measurement, texture, color interaction and
numerous other principles” (from the book of collected articles “Union
of Youth”, St.Petersburg, 1913).
In
1913 the literary group “Gilea” has joined the “Union
of Youth” (including Vladimir Mayakovsky, Velimir Khlebnikov,
Elena Guro, Alexei Kruchenykh and others). A Journal “Union of Youth”
was published, theatrical performances were staged: like
“Victory Over the Sun” (music by M.Matiushin, libretto by
A.Kruchenykh and V.Khlebnikov, set décor K.Malevich), and the tragedy “Vladimir
Mayakovsky” (set decor by P.Filonov and I.Shkolnik).
The
“Union of Youth” artists were young, full of enthusiasm,
well educated, dedicated to their creative search and obtaining great
success in the development of painting form, expression and technique.
Their achievements were marked by awards at international exhibitions
abroad. Russian
Art of this time renders the great influence from the world Art. V.
Kandinsky and K. Malevich were the forefathers of new trends in Art:
Abstractionism and Suprematism; P.Filonov began the Analytic
Art (to these artists and their teachings we devote separate
pages). However, their achievements were not understood in their homeland, and they still are not. Before the Revolution of 1917, there was the World War I. At that time public interest was not directed on Art. After the October Revolution came the Civil War and devastation. Soviet government used the Art and the Artists for communist propaganda, but was not concerned with the propaganda of Art. Throughout the Soviet period, except for the first decade, the Art of all movements simply could not exist, except for Realism. Neither in Museums, nor in education programs, or even at art schools. The Artists-formalists suffered an unfounded accusation of charlatanism. This Art was, and remains still, an Art for few, though it is now observed with more interest. Paintings that survived the Art catastrophe have lately appeared in museum expositions, were published in many books and albums. This is a fine start, but it is not enough. In order to understand Art it is necessary to study it, much like learning to read. |